Переводы зарубежных ресурсов. Страница 2 из 2

Добрый день. Послушать как вы поете на испанском это очень интересно. Чем замечательна эта порода.? Я на испанском не пою и даже не говорю на представленных сайтах ничего не понял, переведите пожалуйста чего нибудь интересненького. Может Алекс16 чего расскажет ?

Диана, какая ты умничка, спасибо. А то зачастую , порода описывается на уровне домыслов.

Диана, спасибо, оч. интересно. Читаю, вникаю, примеряюсь. Скоро предстоит втягиваться в сельскую
жизнь.

Диана выражаю Вам огромную благодарность!!!
Сам пока живу в Москве, работаю в такси, свободного времени много. "Взахлеб" читаю весь Ваш форум, все его ветки. Ну просто очень интересно...
А вечером все самое интересное жене и дочке перечитываю.

Диана, спасибo за ценную инфoрмацию o кoзах, как жаль, чтo нет стoлькo инфo пo альпийцам

Диана помоги с переводом затрудняюсь в некоторых терминах:

Contagious Ecthyma (Orf)
Contagious ecthyma, also known as orf and sore mouth,
is a quite common disease of sheep and goats caused by a
poxvirus. The classic clinical sign is crusting at the mucocutaneous
junction of the nose and mouth (Figure 4-6).
Proliferative lesions affecting the oral mucosa also may
be present.9 The oral lesions usually are seen in young
animals born into endemic herds. In immunologically
naive older animals, clinical signs may develop after
exposure to clinically normal carrier animals.10 Orf
lesions are differentiated from oral lesions of FMD and
bluetongue by the clinical finding of crusty scabs, as
opposed to erosions and ulcerative lesions. The clinical
signs of contagious ecthyma usually are self-limiting,
with resolution in 3 to 6 weeks. Severely affected animals
may require supportive care and assisted feeding if the
mouth is sore enough to preclude nursing or if ewes have
udder lesions of significant severity to prevent the young
from nursing. Humans can be infected by the virus, as
well as acting as vectors transmitting the virus from one
animal to another, so extreme care should be taken to
use protective gloves in handling affected animals.
Animals usually maintain immunity for 2 to 3 years
after a clinical case of orf, although some may show
clinical signs of reinfection at 1 year after resolution
of the initial infection. Lesions usually are milder and
resolve more quickly during subsequent infections.11
In 18 outbreaks of orf over 4 years in India (6 in sheep
and 12 in goats), reported morbidity rates were 18.93%
for goats and 21.50% in sheep; mortality rates were
2.53% and 1.10% in those species, respectively. Kids
were more likely than older animals to have lesions on
the gums and tongue.12 Contagious ecthyma is endemic
in Northeastern Brazil.13 One lamb flock affected by an
orf outbreak exhibited significant facial swelling with
pitting edema in addition to crusting of nostrils, lips,
and muzzle. The disease ran its course, but the healed
animals showed some hair loss at the sites of the facial
edema.14 Although most cases of orf demonstrate
healing of the clinical lesions in weeks, a report of the
disease in sheep noted persistence of clinical signs for
as long as 6 months. The scabs of the chronic form
were well adhered to the skin, causing bleeding on
removal.15
In a survey of 48 goat flocks in Argentina, 81.2% of
keepers identified contagious ecthyma as an infectious
disease problem on the premises.16 In a report from
the United States, five sheep with orf from three different
flocks exhibited proliferative skin lesions on the
limbs that were painful to touch and caused the affected
animals to be reluctant to move. Unlike in most cases
of orf, the lesions did not spontaneously resolve. The
disease also appeared to be less contagious than classic
orf in sheep. All five animals were euthanized after
lack of response to empirical treatment with antibiotics
and topical medications. As is evident from this report,
although orf usually is diagnosed on the basis of typical
clinical signs and disease course, the classic presentation
is not an invariable feature.17

Figure 4-6 Orf lesions around the mouth in a mixed-breed
sheep. (Courtesy Dr. Janice Ktitchevsky, Purdue University.)

Диана Фердинандовна пишет:

Блин, я не думала, что людям передаётся! Мы больных на одной ферме трогали! И ещё пробовали сыр от больных животных на днях!!!

Не понял?
Вот ссылки, это у меня книга...

9.Michelsen PGE: Contagious ecthyma. In Smith BP, editor: Large
animal internal medicine, ed 3, St Louis, 2002, Mosby.
10. Nettleton PF, et al: Natural transmission of orf virus from clinically
normal ewes to orf-naive sheep, Vet Rec 139:364–366, 1996.
11. Matthews J: External swellings. In Diseases of the goat, ed 3,
Oxford, 2009, Wiley-Blackwell.
12. Ramesh A, et al: Confirmatory diagnosis of contagious ecthyma
by PCR and electron microscopy, Indian Vet J 86:770–772, 2009.
13. Nobrega JE Jr, et al: Contagious ecthyma in sheep and goats in the
semi-arid area of Paraiba, Brazil, Pesq Vet Bras 28:135–139, 2008.
14. Casey MJ, Robinson JHM, Sammin DJ: Severe facial oedema associated
with orf in an Irish sheep flock, Vet Rec 161:600, 2007.
15. Housawi FMT: Chronic and acute natural sheep orf infection:
comparative clinico-pathological observations, Vet Med J Giza
56:89–96, 2008
16.Bedotti DO, Snachez RM: Observations on animal health problems
of goats in the west of the province of La Pampa (Argentina),
Vet Arg 19:100–112, 2002.
17. Smith GW, et al: Atypical parapoxvirus infection in sheep, J Vet Int
Med 16:287–292, 2002.
18. Michelsen PGE: Bluetongue. In Smith BP, editor: Large animal
internal medicine, ed 3, St Louis, 2002, Mosby.
19. Scott PR: Miscellaneous diseases. In Sheep medicine, London,
2007, Manson Publishing.
20. Maclachlan NJ, et al: The pathology and pathogenesis of bluetongue,
J Comp Pathol 141:1–16, 2009.
21. Worwa G, et al: Experimental transplacental infection of sheep
with bluetongue virus serotype 8, Vet Rec 164:499–500, 2009.

Да в этом книженции много чАвО, на досуге почитываю, в переводе путаюсь, я больше по-немецки или по-голландски можу. И ыщо одну плизь.
Physical Examination
A complete physical examination should be performed on all rams. The ram can be restrained by placing him on his rump in a sitting position1-11 (see Chapter 1).

Examination of Reproductive Tract

The scrotum should be palpated to ensure that both testicles are present, approximately equal in size, and of firm consistency; any localized swellings or areas of induration should be noted. The head and tail of the epididymis is palpated to detect swelling, pain, or signs of inflammation. Epididymitis is a relatively common problem in rams. Any ram exhibiting signs of epididymitis should be considered to be infected with Brucella ovis until proved otherwise. The spermatic cord should be examined specifically for deformities in the vascular plexus and vas deferens. The penis usually can be extended by pressing down around the external preputial orifice and grasping the protruding penis with a gauze pad (Figure 8-1). Occasionally the sigmoid flexure may need to be straightened to assist in extending the penis. The penis is then carefully inspected for evidence of active lesions or old scars. The penis can be held in extension by wrapping a strip of gauze around the junction between the free portion of the penis and the prepuce. This method also is helpful in collecting semen by electroejaculation. The penis generally is easier to extend when the animal is being held up on the rump than when it is in lateral recumbency.

Figure 8-1 A gauze strip is wrapped around the penis at the junction of the free portion of the penis and the prepuce to prevent retraction into the sheath. A prominent vermiform appendage can be seen.

Figure 8-2 Measuring the scrotal circumference of a ram. The procedure is the same for bucks. The tape measure should be held tight enough to indent the skin slightly, and the examiner should firmly push the testicles into the scrotum with the free hand. Care should be taken to read the measurement at the correct location on the measuring tape.

Scrotal Circumference

To determine the SC, the clinician should pull both of the ram’s testicles ventrally into the scrotum and measure it at its largest circumference, using a tape measure marked in centimeters. Care must be taken with breeds that have heavy scrotal wool, because wool may falsely enlarge the measured circumference. Taking the average of several measurements can increase the accuracy of the SC value obtained. The tape should be snug on the scrotum, while barely indenting the skin, so that the tape does not slide out of position (Figure 8-2). SC in the ram is highly heritable and appears to be related to sperm output and age at puberty.1,2